示例

一个简单的示例. 比如写了一个名为 saudade 的包. 目录结构为(用 tree 生成, 不错的程 序, 之前没用过)

.
├── demo
│   └── __init__.py
├── saudade
│   ├── coding_func.py
│   ├── __init__.py
│   └── physics_func.py
└── setup.py

直接执行

python setup.py install --user

即可安装完成. --user 安装给当前用户, 直接就放在 ~/.local/lib/python_xx 目录下 了, 不影响其它用户, 也不需要管理员权限.

pip uninstall saudade

即可卸载. 当然也可以传到 github, 直接从 github 上安装.

结果

安装完以后就可以调用了. 如

>>> import saudade as sau
>>> @sau.timer
... def foo(x):
...     return x**2
... 
>>> foo(3)
Finished 'foo' in 0.0000 secs
9
>>>

可以看出, 可以调用包的中计时器了.

而 demo 目录下的函数, 调用时要调用 demo , 如

>>> import demo
>>> demo.hello()
hello
>>>

源码说明

file:./2021-01-13-coding-setup_tools/setup.py

from setuptools import setup, find_packages
setup(
    name = 'saudade',
    version ='0.1',
    packages = find_packages(),
    description = "This is ZQW's first python package",
    author = 'ZQW',
    author_email = "zeqing6688@126.com",
)

此文件最重要, 它说明这个目录是一个包, 可以安装.

demo/file:./2021-01-13-coding-setup_tools/demo/__init__.py

def hello():
    print('hello')

这是一个测试函数

saudade/file:./2021-01-13-coding-setup_tools/saudade/coding_func.py

import numpy as np
#import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import functools
import time

def timer(func):
    """
    Print the runtime of the decorated function.
    参考自: https://realpython.com/primer-on-python-decorators/
    """
    @functools.wraps(func)
    def wrapper_timer(*args, **kwargs):
        start_time = time.perf_counter()
        value = func(*args, **kwargs)
        end_time = time.perf_counter()
        run_time = end_time - start_time
        print(f"Finished {func.__name__!r} in {run_time:.4f} secs")
        return value
    return wrapper_timer

@timer
def get_data(parameters, func, x):
    '''
    计算画图所需要的点, 并将参数和结果保存到文件.
    由于自己写的这些函数不能输入数组然后输出数组, 所以只能用循环一个一个算
    '''
    num_points = len(x)
    y = []
    pm = parameters.get_parameters()

    # 计算每一个数据点
    for i in range(num_points):
        print(f"正在计算第 {i+1:d}/{num_points:d}个点...")
        yi = func(x[i])
        y.append(yi)

    # 保存数据和参数到文件
    np.savetxt('./data/x.csv', x, delimiter=',')
    np.savetxt('./data/y.csv', y, delimiter=',')
    np.savetxt('./data/paramaters.csv', pm, delimiter=',')
    return x, y, pm

saudade 目录的名字与包的名字相同, 包含了包的主要内容. 此文件是包中的一些函数

saudade/./2021-01-13-coding-setup_tools/saudade/__init__.py 

from .coding_func import *
from .physics_func import *

整个包的初始化位置.

saudade/./2021-01-13-coding-setup_tools/saudade/physics_func.py 

import numpy as np

def ts(f, a, b, n=51):
    """Tanh-sinh quadrature 方法. 适用于端点发散的情况."""
    up = 4
    h = 2*up / (n-1)
    t = np.linspace(-up, up, n, endpoint=True)
    x = np.tanh(1/2*np.pi*np.sinh(t))
    w = 1/2*h*np.pi*np.cosh(t)
    w = w/(np.cosh(1/2*np.pi*np.sinh(t))**2)
    gc = 0
    for i in range(n):
        p = (x[i]*(b-a) + a + b)/2
        gc = gc + f(p)*w[i]
    err = 0
    gc = gc * (b-a)/2
    return gc, err

def bose(beta, energy):
    """Bose 分布函数"""
    x = -beta * energy
    return np.exp(x) / (1 - np.exp(x))

def cos_theta_kq(theta_k, phi_k, theta_q, phi_q):
    """k, q 夹角的余弦值"""
    x = (np.sin(theta_k)*np.sin(theta_q) * np.cos(phi_k - phi_q) 
            + np.cos(theta_k)*np.cos(theta_q))
    return x

class PrincipalValueInt():
    """分母带有无穷小的那种积分"""
    def __init__(self, numerator, coeff, down_bound, upbound):
        """初始化, numerator 都是函数. 分母为 a*x**2 + b*x + c"""
        self.numerator = numerator
        self.down_bound = down_bound
        self.upbound = upbound
        self.coeff = coeff
        a = coeff[0]
        b = coeff[1]
        c = coeff[2]
        self.delta = b**2 - 4*a*c

    def get_imag(self):
        """计算积分的虚部."""
        root_exist = self.delta > 0

        if root_exist:
            # 如果根存在, 计算两根
            root1 = (-self.coeff[1] - np.sqrt(self.delta)) / (2 * self.coeff[0])
            root2 = (-self.coeff[1] + np.sqrt(self.delta)) / (2 * self.coeff[0])

            # 判断两根是否位于积分区间内
            root1_in = self.down_bound < root1 and root1 < self.upbound
            root2_in = self.down_bound < root2 and root2 < self.upbound

            # 计算积分结果
            imag = (root1_in) * self.numerator(root1) 
            imag += (root2_in) * self.numerator(root2) 
            imag *= -np.pi / np.abs(root2 - root1)
        else:
            # 根不存在, 虚部为 0
            imag = 0 
        imag *= 1/self.coeff[0] # bug No.2 分子要除以 a 才行.
        return imag

包中的另一些函数.